How does temperature inversion affect air quality?

Temperature inversion significantly affects air quality by trapping pollutants close to the ground. In a typical atmospheric profile, warmer air at higher altitudes allows for the dispersal of pollutants. However, during a temperature inversion, a layer of warmer air sits above cooler air near the surface. This inversion layer acts as a cap, preventing the vertical mixing of air.

As a result, any pollutants emitted from vehicles, industrial processes, or other sources remain concentrated in the cooler air layer near the ground rather than dispersing into the atmosphere. This buildup of pollutants can lead to degraded air quality and can contribute to health problems for people exposed to higher concentrations of these contaminants. The phenomenon is particularly common in urban areas and during specific weather conditions, such as calm and clear nights.