What type of phenomena does a SPECI report focus on primarily?

A SPECI report is specifically designed to provide timely updates regarding significant changes in weather conditions at an airport or weather observation site. This report is issued when there are changes that could affect flight operations, such as shifts in visibility, cloud cover, wind speed, or the occurrence of significant weather events like thunderstorms or snow. The purpose of the SPECI report is to ensure that pilots and air traffic controllers have access to the most current and relevant weather information that could impact safety and operational decisions.

In contrast, daily average conditions and routine weather parameters focus on standard observations or assessments that do not necessarily indicate immediate changes in weather. Long-term climate trends are broader in scope and consider averaged data collected over an extended period, which does not relate to the immediate and significant weather phenomena that a SPECI report emphasizes. Thus, the focus on significant weather changes is what sets the SPECI report apart as crucial for real-time weather monitoring and safety in aviation.