Which of the following elements must be disseminated urgently regardless of a delay?

Volcanic eruptions require urgent dissemination of information due to the potential for immediate danger to life and property. Unlike other weather phenomena, volcanic eruptions can produce life-threatening hazards such as pyroclastic flows, ashfall, and toxic gases that can affect large areas within a short timeframe. The urgency stems from the need to evacuate populations, protect infrastructure, and implement safety measures to mitigate the risks associated with these events.

In contrast, while lightning strikes and severe thunderstorms can be hazardous, they typically allow for some time to prepare or respond, as they are more localized and predictive warnings can be disseminated. Fog alerts, while important for aviation and driving safety, don’t usually pose an immediate threat requiring urgent action like volcanic eruptions do. Therefore, the criticality of information about volcanic eruptions necessitates its prompt communication to ensure public safety and preparedness.